Making salt

Aim:

To produce copper sulfate salt by reacting copper oxide with an acid. 

Equipment:

Copper oxide powder
Dilute (o.5 mol L-1) sulfuric acid
50 ml measuring cylinder
two 100 mL beaker
Bunsen burner
Tripod
Gauze mat
Funnel
Filter paper
Thermometer
Spatula
Evaporating basin
Stirring rod

Method:

1. Add 20ml of sulfuric acid to a 100 ml beaker. Heat the acid until it reaches 70 degrees Celsius. Turn off your Bunsen burner.  
2. Once heated, use a spatula to add pea-sized portions of copper oxide to the beaker. Stir the mixture for 30 seconds.
3. Repeat step 2 until no more will dissolve. Allow the beaker to cool. 
4. Fold the filter paper and place it in the funnel. Place the filter funnel into the second beaker. 
5. Make sure the beaker is cool enough to hold at the top. The contents should still be hot. You may need your teacher to complete this step. 
6. Gently swirl the contents of the beaker to mix, and then pour into the filter paper in the funnel. Allow to filter through. 
7. Rinse the beaker you used to heat the mixture previously, and place it back on top of your tripod filled with 50-60 mL of water
8. Place the evaporating basin on top of the beaker and carefully pour some of the solutions from the beaker into the evaporating basin. 
9. Gently heat the beaker until the solution in the evaporating basin had reduced by half.
10. Leave the evaporating basin to cool. Once cool, move the evaporating basin to a warm place where it will not be disturbed (i.e. a window-sill)  and observe over the next few days. Blue copper sulfate crystals should form. 

We made a copper sulfate salt. We made this by using acid to react with copper oxide. We evaporated the solution and was left with blue crystals. 

Here are my crystals

This experiment was very fun. Producing copper sulfate by reacting copper oxide with acid was interesting, it worked really well. I think my crystals turned out great. 

Making Indicators

Making Indicators: Cabbage  

Aim: 

To make acid-base indicators using everyday substance. 

Equipment:

Red cabbage, a beaker, water, tripod, Bunsen burner, gauze mat, 1.0 mol L-1 HCI and 1.0 mal L-1 NaOH.

Method: 

Chop the cabbage into small pieces until you have enough to fill 2 cups.

Place the cabbage in a large beaker and add water to cover the cabbage. 

Boil over a Bunsen burner for at least ten minutes for the colour to leach out of the cabbage.

Filter out the plant material to obtain a red-purple-bluish coloured liquid. This liquid is at about pH 7. (The exact colour you get depends on the pH of the water.) 

Place in a small beaker and leave to one side.



Here are my results 

When I added HCI (Acid) to cabbage it turned red. When I added NaOH (Alkali) it turned green.

The other indicators here were made by my other classmates.

When HCI (Acid) was added to Tea it turned yellow. When NaOH (Alkali) was added to tea it turned Yellow

When HCI (Acid) was added to Tumeric it turned yellow. When NaOH (Alkali) was added to Turmeric it turned red.

When HCI (Acid) was added to Cranberry it turned a pink-red colour. When NaOH (alkali was added to Cranberry It turned green.

When HCI (Acid) was added to beetroot it turned red. When NaOH (alkali was added to beetroot it turned yellow.

Cabbage boiling 

All indicators with HCI(acid) and NaOH (alkali)

Conclusion:

We successfully made acid-base indicators using everyday substances. It wasn't hard at all. I think the Cabbage worked the best when adding acid and base because of the colours changes that happen. 

Power of One SEXXY paragraph

In this scene, the director uses a close-up shot of sergeant Bormann and Geel Piet. Geel Piet appears scared and useless but ready to die, as sergeant Bormann forced him with his baton to translate what the prisoners were singing. The purpose of this close up shot is to show us the drastic levels sergeant Bormann went to, to know what the prisoners were singing about. It keeps the audience feeling wayward and interested. This close up gives the effect of concern with anger, as it makes us feel worried for Geel Piet but feel hatred towards sergeant Bormann. This close shot of Geel Piet and sergeant Bormann can be juxtaposed to the close-up shot of P'K and sergeant Botha. This closeup shot displays the same struggle that Geel Piet went through and how the sergeants went to drastic measures, by betting P'K.  

Power of one SEXXY paragraph

In English class, we have been learning how to write a SEXXY paragraph. Here is my SEXXY paragraph on the movie Power of One, by John Avilsen. Paige and I worked on this SEXXY paragraph together. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                    

In this prison scene, the director uses this long shot effectively. In this long shot, we see sergeant Bormann holding his baton, Pk, Geel Piet, Doc, and some prisoners. The aspect of this long shot has an effect of suspiciousness and possible violence in the next scene. This long shot can be juxtaposed to the scene showing Maria's fathers house. The difference between the prison and the mansion is very drastic 

SOST Creative writing: Migration

Dirty, noisy, overcrowded London. The population is growing wildly, I need to get out of here.

I grew up in an area of poverty just outside of London. We lived in a one-room house with very plain furniture. The environment is appalling, it’s so disgusting it makes me gag. Conditions were really bad and not ideal. The streets were full of people’s business. For example urine, poo, and bath water were just dumped on the streets. People would just throw it out their windows. Orphans roamed the streets because they had nowhere and no one to look after them. They had little chances of improving their situation. If you were poor you lived a very difficult life, you struggled to survive. While my parents were unemployed, it was a struggle to try to find a meal. Most meals we ate consist of bread and potatoes; the meat was an uncommon luxury. Some days we went without food and water. At a very young age, I was forced to work, to help provide for my family. I worked in factories where you got little to no pay. I worked from dusk to dawn. Gases and toxins filled the air, it had a major effect on people's health. I wish I went to school instead of working. The school was not compulsory. I had little to no education, due to work. My education was something that I valued and not being able to attend school saddened me. But I learnt to deal with it.

Shaking as shivers rush down my spine. Arms crossed over another as I try to keep warm is this brisk weather. “AHH” I scream. My vision was suddenly covered by a piece of paper. I pulled it off my face, just as I was about to rip it I noticed that it was a poster. It caught my attention, “A chance of a new life,” it says “ Job opportunity” it says, “ A life in New Zealand for yourself and your family.” Surely it’s too good to be true..............

I had to post what I had written so far. I'm not yet finished.

Model Atoms 

 Here is my model of the atom boron (B)

Boron has 5  protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons. 

The protons and neutrons are the particles in the middle. The electrons are the coloured circles on the 2 rings.  The limit of the electrons that can be in the first ring is 2. The limit of the 2 rings is 8 electrons.  So it is written like this 

2,3. Meaning 2 electrons in the first circle and 3 electrons in the second ring.  Electrons always come in pairs. 

The equipment I used to make this are :

Paper 

Tape 

Blue Tac

String 

beads.